{"id":38241,"date":"2020-08-26T06:45:52","date_gmt":"2020-08-26T13:45:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.avawomen.com\/?p=38241"},"modified":"2020-08-26T06:46:05","modified_gmt":"2020-08-26T13:46:05","slug":"semen-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.avawomen.com\/avaworld\/semen-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"Semen Analysis: How to Know if You Need One"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.avawomen.com\/avaworld\/sperm-analysis\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">semen analysis<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, or sperm analysis, is often the first step in fertility testing for men. This non-invasive test is a simple way to get a lot of information about your or your partner\u2019s sperm health, reproductive system function, and fertility potential. But how do you know when you need one\u2014and what should you do with the results? Let\u2019s review.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What does a semen analysis test for?<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sperm and fertility<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sperm cells are the male sex cells (gametes) that carry half the genetic material for a new baby. In order to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.avawomen.com\/avaworld\/how-to-get-pregnant-fast\/\">get pregnant naturally<\/a>, sperm needs to enter the vagina and travel upwards, through the uterus, toward the fallopian tube, where an egg is ovulated. Then, one sperm must successfully penetrate the egg, combining its DNA with the other half of the genetic material housed within the egg cell, a process called egg fertilization.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Each testing company, laboratory, or doctor\u2019s office is different, but most evaluate a few basic semen and sperm parameters. Each parameter measured in a semen analysis\u2014sperm count, motility, and morphology\u2014can affect the sperm\u2019s ability to reach and\/or fertilize the egg.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While certain sperm health parameters can be associated with a higher or lower likelihood of pregnancy, it\u2019s important to note that a sperm analysis <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">won\u2019t<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> tell you whether or not you\u2019ll be able to conceive naturally. There are many factors that contribute to fertility (or infertility); sperm health is just one of those factors, and just one of the markers of fertility potential.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sperm count\/concentration<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sperm count refers to the total number of sperm in the semen; sperm <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">concentration<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, on the other hand, is the density of the sperm within the semen. For example, a certain sample may have 3 milliliters of semen (volume) and a total sperm count of 45 million; that would be a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">concentration<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of 15 million sperm per mL. A sperm analysis typically includes both measures.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While we only need one sperm to reach the egg for fertilization, sperm count\/concentration are important for fertility because there are many obstacles on sperm\u2019s route to the egg. So, you need to start with quite a few to increase your chances that one will be able to fertilize the egg for pregnancy. A low sperm count can change <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.avawomen.com\/avaworld\/how-often-should-you-have-sex-to-get-pregnant\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">how often you should have sex to get pregnant<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, how long it may take to achieve natural conception, which fertility treatment options are right for you, and more.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Morphology (the size, structure, and shape of sperm)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sperm cells are made up of a few distinct parts:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the tail, made up of protein fibers, which helps it swim toward the egg<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the midpiece, or body, which contains mitochondria to power the sperm\u2019s movement<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the head, which houses the nucleus (where genetic information is stored) as well as the acrosomal vesicle, a structure full of enzymes that digest proteins and sugars on the surface of the egg to aid in sperm penetration.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cMorphology\u201d is a term that refers to the proper shape, size, and structure of the sperm. Being too big or too small, missing a head or tail, or having a misshapen head or tail\u2014any of these errors could impact whether or not the sperm is able to swim to, penetrate, and fertilize the egg. A semen analysis measures what percentage of sperm in a semen sample are morphologically normal.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Motility (how sperm are moving)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sperm \u201cswim\u201d using small movements of their tails; these movements, along with a little help from the female reproductive system, propel them toward the egg. The tail\u2019s flagellations, which get faster as the sperm approaches the egg, also help the sperm penetrate the egg\u2019s outer layer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A semen analysis measures what proportion of sperm are moving (total motility). In addition, the test may measure what\u2019s known as \u201cprogressive\u201d motility. That\u2019s the proportion of sperm that are not just moving, but moving in a way that\u2019s conducive to reaching and fertilizing the egg: travelling forward or in large circles.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What a standard semen analysis <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">doesn\u2019t<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> test for<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A typical semen analysis doesn\u2019t test the genetic health of sperm. We\u2019ve discussed that sperm carries half the genetic material (DNA) for a new baby. However, that DNA can become broken or altered\u2014due to infection or illness, toxin exposure, age, or other factors\u2014preventing it from combining properly with the DNA in the egg to create a healthy pregnancy. A more in-depth test, such as a sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), is required to evaluate genetic damage within sperm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A sperm analysis also typically does not test for antisperm antibodies. Sometimes, a man may make perfectly healthy sperm, but also produce certain immune system substances (called immunoglobulins) that mistakenly attack the sperm in his semen. There are a few tests available, such as the mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) test, that detect the presence of these substances within semen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And of course, a semen analysis doesn\u2019t test for sexual problems, such as erectile dysfunction or inability to ejaculate. While sexual dysfunction is not solely a fertility concern, ejaculation during intercourse <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> required for natural pregnancy.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How is a semen analysis done?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During a semen analysis, a semen sample is typically produced via masturbation and collected in a small \u201csample cup,\u201d like what\u2019s used for a urine test. Then, the sample is examined by a doctor or lab technician under a microscope.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tips for semen analysis<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avoid ejaculation for at least 48 hours before the test, to get an accurate reading on sperm count\u2014but not for more than 4 days before the test, as a long period of abstinence can impact the motility of the sperm and increase DNA fragmentation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lubricant and even saliva can contaminate the sample and affect the results, so go without.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It may sound obvious, but a semen analysis sample shouldn\u2019t be collected in a condom\u2014many condoms contain spermicidal ingredients (substances that kill sperm).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sperm health can be affected by illness and fever <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2000.tb02142.x\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for up to 2 months<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, so try to avoid doing sperm testing while you\u2019re sick, recovering from sickness, and for the month or two following.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In-office semen analysis<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Traditionally, semen analysis is performed at a fertility clinic, urologist\u2019s office, or laboratory. What to expect: you\u2019ll be brought to a \u201ccollection room\u201d (where there\u2019s a chair or bed and often a selection of adult materials) to produce the semen sample. Once you\u2019ve completed that task, you\u2019ll drop off the sample at the lab, where it will be analyzed. Results are usually available within a few days. An in-office sperm analysis usually costs about $250\u2013$500.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At-home semen analysis<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Today, there are several at-home options for semen analysis. The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.givelegacy.com\/sperm-analysis\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">at-home sperm analysis kit<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> offered by Legacy provides the opportunity to collect your sample in the convenience and comfort of your own home, and at a lower cost.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An important note: Some at-home kits <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">only<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> test for sperm count. This is a good start, but as we\u2019ve discussed, how many sperm is just one piece of the male fertility puzzle. Legacy\u2019s mail-in kit provides in-depth analysis, just like\u2014or in some cases, more comprehensive than\u2014what you\u2019d receive from a doctor\u2019s office.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How to decide if you need a semen analysis<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Who needs a semen analysis? You may want to do this test if you:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Are trying to conceive now or soon<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you\u2019re <a href=\"https:\/\/www.avawomen.com\/avaworld\/how-long-to-get-pregnant\/\">trying to get pregnant<\/a>, you might consider having a semen analysis earlier, rather than later, in your fertility journey. Many people wait until they\u2019ve been trying to conceive for 6 \u2013 12 months or more before doing male fertility testing. But early testing can allow you to identify any male fertility problems and potentially improve them on your own, saving time and money (since you can do this step without a doctor consultation). Plus, male fertility testing is generally easier and less invasive than female fertility testing.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Are considering sperm freezing<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you\u2019re considering sperm freezing\u2014maybe before a vasectomy, medical treatment, or military deployment, or because you may have children later in life\u2014you\u2019ll want to know you\u2019re preserving the best possible sperm. By having a sperm analysis before freezing, you have the opportunity to identify any parameters that are sub-optimal (like a low sperm count) and make changes, such as improving your diet or quitting smoking, to get your sperm as healthy as possible before cryopreservation.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Had a vasectomy or vasectomy reversal<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A vasectomy is a form of permanent birth control, in which the vas deferens, the duct through which sperm pass from the testicles into the penis, is cut or blocked to prevent sperm from entering the semen. It\u2019s recommended that you get a semen analysis approximately 12 weeks after a vasectomy, to confirm it\u2019s worked as intended.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On the other hand, if you\u2019ve had surgery to reverse a vasectomy (by repairing the vas deferens), it\u2019s recommended that you get a semen analysis every month for 12 months following the procedure, to ensure sperm quality, count, and motility are recovering normally.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Want to understand your fertility potential and your health more comprehensively<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Experts believe fertility and overall health are closely linked. There are <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fertstertreports.org\/article\/S2666-3341(20)30005-2\/fulltext?dgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email#sec3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">strong associations<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> between male infertility and obesity, metabolic syndrome, elevated blood pressure, testicular cancer, lymphoma, and even mortality. There\u2019s tons of research currently underway that hopes to understand the exact way sperm health works as a biomarker for general health. So, while there\u2019s still a lot of work to be done before we draw precise conclusions, it can\u2019t hurt to have one more data point to consider in the overall picture of your health.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How to read a semen analysis report<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Your semen analysis report will typically include reference numbers for each parameter, indicating what\u2019s considered \u201cnormal\u201d according to the World Health Organization\u2019s 5th Edition parameters, as well as your own personal results. Here are the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/reproductivehealth\/topics\/infertility\/cooper_et_al_hru.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">normal ranges<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for each parameter tested in a semen analysis:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Semen analysis parameter<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Normal range<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Sperm concentration<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At least 15 million sperm\/mL of semen<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Researchers have <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3739681\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">noted<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that sperm concentrations under 40 million\/mL, while normal, may lower chances of conception.<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><b>Sperm motility<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Total motility<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At least 40% of sperm<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Progressive motility<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At least 32% of sperm<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Sperm morphology <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">or \u201cnormal forms\u201d (NF)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At least 4%, may vary depending on testing criteria<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kruger morphology criteria are very strict; under this method of testing, very small discrepancies will deem sperm abnormal. World Health Organization (WHO) semen analysis criteria is slightly more lenient, with a wider range of \u201cnormal\u201d morphology.<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other notes on your semen analysis report<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Depending on who performs on your semen analysis, you may get additional values. For example, Legacy\u2019s analysis includes extra details on morphology\u2014not only how many sperm are normal, but a thorough breakdown of what the abnormal ones look like. This data is useful for clinics and doctors when deciding how to use the sample<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. If sperm has a misshapen midpiece, for example, it may still be able to fertilize an egg with a little help from the lab, but a sperm with no head is of no use (since the head houses the genetic material).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For those who want to freeze their sperm, it\u2019s also helpful to have a <\/span><b>post-thaw analysis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. In this test, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the sperm is frozen and then thawed, and an analysis is run to check the concentration and motility of the sample after thawing. This analysis gives doctors a good idea of how many cells will survive the thaw and how many of them will be motile afterwards, which helps them to make more informed decisions about treatment options. At Legacy, we always run a post-thaw analysis prior to freezing sperm.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What to do with your semen analysis results<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Freeze sperm<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If your or your partner\u2019s sperm analysis report comes back with top marks, it may be a great time to consider freezing some sperm. While male fertility doesn\u2019t decline quite as rapidly, or as dramatically, as female fertility, there are changes to the health of a man\u2019s sperm with age. Sperm acquire a new genetic mutation\u2014which is passed onto offspring\u2014<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3548427\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">every 8 months<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Women with partners over the age of 35 have a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15840613\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">higher likelihood of miscarriage<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and fathers over 40 are nearly <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapsychiatry\/fullarticle\/668208\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6 times more likely<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to have a child with autism spectrum disorder.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By freezing now, you can ensure that you or your partner are preserving the youngest, healthiest possible sperm for potential use later, when age, injury, illness, or a myriad of other possibilities could impact natural fertility. Scientific evidence tells us that sperm can be frozen indefinitely with no effect on pregnancy rates. While sperm preservation is sometimes done at a fertility clinic or sperm bank facility, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.givelegacy.com\/sperm-freezing\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sperm freezing kits<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, like Legacy\u2019s, allow you to preserve your sample from the comfort of your own home.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Improve your sperm health<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are many fairly simple lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, improving your diet, upping your exercise routine, or switching from briefs to boxers, that can improve factors associated with better sperm health. The Legacy report includes individualized recommendations for better habits that can improve your sperm parameters.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You\u2019ll want to retest to see if your changes have had a measurable improvement on your semen analysis results. Remember that the process of making sperm takes around <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/14285045\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">74 days<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, so you\u2019ll want to keep up your new habits for 2\u20133 months before retesting.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">See a fertility specialist<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you\u2019ve been trying to conceive for 6\u201312 months and your partner\u2019s semen analysis results are abnormal, it\u2019s a good time to see a fertility specialist. A fertility physician, also known as a reproductive endocrinologist, can help assess the issue and suggest strategies to boost your chances of conception.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A semen analysis, or sperm analysis, is often the first step in fertility testing for [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10048,"featured_media":38247,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[894,772],"tags":[400],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v17.3 (Yoast SEO v18.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Semen Analysis: How to Know if You Need One - AvaWorld<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"If you\u2019re trying to get pregnant, you might consider having a semen analysis earlier, rather than later, in your fertility journey.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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