{"id":37935,"date":"2020-04-09T09:35:20","date_gmt":"2020-04-09T16:35:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.avawomen.com\/?p=37935"},"modified":"2020-04-09T09:35:20","modified_gmt":"2020-04-09T16:35:20","slug":"covid-19-male-fertility","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.avawomen.com\/avaworld\/covid-19-male-fertility\/","title":{"rendered":"Covid-19 and Male Fertility: What is the Impact?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Each day, we learn more about the novel coronavirus and how to protect ourselves. What about the pandemic\u2019s effect on fertility? Here, we speak with some of Legacy\u2019s<\/a> male fertility experts and examine available data on the coronavirus and fertility, pregnancy, and global fertility trends.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Will Covid-19 affect male fertility?<\/span><\/h2>\n

In the short term: probably, temporarily.<\/b> The long-term outcome is a little less clear.<\/span><\/p>\n

There may not be a lot of information about the novel coronavirus and fertility, specifically, but \u201cwe know quite a lot about viruses, flus, and male infertility,\u201d explains Legacy advisor and reproductive urologist Dr. Paul Turek. \u201cSeasonal flus are known to reduce male fertility \u2026 we think that it\u2019s due to the fever associated with the illness, which overheats the testicles.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

This effect is demonstrated in several case studies of fertile men experiencing fevers. In <\/span>one<\/span><\/a>, a patient recovering from influenza produced abnormal sperm for 45 days post-fever. In <\/span>another<\/span><\/a>, sperm count, motility, and genetic health was decreased for over two months after the patient\u2019s fever resolved.<\/span><\/p>\n

Considering that one of the primary symptoms of Covid-19 is a high fever, it\u2019s reasonable to assume that men infected with coronavirus will also experience reduced fertility. \u201cCurrently, it is believed that the [novel coronavirus] is similar to a common seasonal flu virus regarding its impact on male fertility,\u201d explains Dr. Turek. However, as he reassures, that impact should be temporary: \u201cThe effect is similar to that of baths or hot tubs, and is fully reversible.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Will there be any permanent effects of the novel coronavirus on male fertility?\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

First, a note of reassurance: <\/span>The novel coronavirus is not related to <\/b>zika<\/b><\/a>, the mosquito-borne illness with devastating effects on pregnancy and fetal health.<\/b><\/p>\n

There are certain viral infections\u2014namely mumps\u2014that can cause permanent damage to male fertility. In some cases, mumps can cause a painful condition called orchitis, or inflammation in the testes that has a small chance of long-term damage. \u201cIt has to infect boys at puberty, when the testicles are actively growing, to harm future fertility,\u201d explains Dr. Turek.<\/span><\/p>\n

In a <\/span>recent statement<\/span><\/a>, researchers in Wuhan raised concerns about the novel coronavirus\u2019 potential to impact male fertility based on the fact that SARS\u2014a similar infection\u2014has also been <\/span>known to cause orchitis and damage to the testicles<\/span><\/a>. Since SARS and the novel coronavirus are genetically similar, it\u2019s possible, in <\/span>theory<\/span><\/i>, that today\u2019s coronavirus could have similar results.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, no documented cases of testicular infections have been noted during the Covid-19 pandemic, and in fact the researchers\u2019 statement was quickly <\/span>retracted<\/span><\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Allan Pacey, PhD, male fertility expert and Legacy advisor, explained to <\/span>Newsweek<\/span><\/i><\/a> that the statement was highly theoretical. \u201c<\/span>At present it is somewhat premature to conclude [that] Covid-19 will definitely affect male fertility<\/b>,\u201d Dr. Pacey explains. \u201cBut it is useful that the authors have raised this concern.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

For those who have contracted Covid-19, any impact on fertility or sperm health can be evaluated with a <\/span>semen analysis<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Coronavirus and female fertility<\/span><\/h2>\n

Many people are researching coronavirus and fertility because they\u2019re currently trying to conceive, or trying to decide whether now is a safe time to do so. One thing to consider is that data on the safety of pregnant people infected with Covid-19, as well as the safety of their babies, is very limited at the moment.<\/span><\/p>\n

There\u2019s no evidence that illnesses similar to the coronavirus, such as influenza, have a long-term or short-term impact on female fertility<\/b>, though respiratory illnesses are known to be more severe for women who are already pregnant.<\/span><\/p>\n

Another is that\u2014even if there are no direct concerns for safety\u2014it may be difficult, during a period in which healthcare facilities are dedicated to treating a pandemic, to access the regular care that\u2019s so important during pregnancy.<\/span><\/p>\n

For both of those reasons, many experts are recommending that people planning a pregnancy may want to stop trying to conceive for a few months<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Is it safe to be pregnant during the coronavirus Covid-19 pandemic?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Based on existing, limited data from actual Covid-19 patients,<\/span> only <\/b>1% of pregnant women<\/b><\/a> infected experienced severe illness that required medical attention<\/b>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Right now, there\u2019s very little data on how COVID-19 might affect pregnant people<\/a>. We do know that pregnancy alters the immune system in such a way that increases the risk of infections, such as <\/span>influenza<\/span><\/a>, and could make illness more severe. And <\/span>we know<\/span><\/a> that related infections such as <\/span>MERS<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>SARS<\/span><\/a> can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as miscarriage, premature delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, and maternal death.<\/span><\/p>\n

Based on this information, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) <\/span>has advised<\/span><\/a> that pregnant women who get Covid-19 may have a higher risk for some complications.<\/span><\/p>\n

A <\/span>study of nine pregnant women<\/span><\/a> in China who contracted coronavirus\u2014and their nine subsequent healthy live births\u2014demonstrated that their illness wasn\u2019t more severe than it was among non-pregnant women, and that they did not pass the virus along to their babies in utero or via breast milk. However, there have been two (<\/span>1<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>2<\/span><\/a>) reports of newborns with Covid-19 infections shortly after birth, so the possibility of \u201cvertical transmission” of the virus from mother to baby cannot be excluded.<\/span><\/p>\n

What if I\u2019m already planning a pregnancy or fertility treatment?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Reproductive health organizations are recommending, out of caution and concern for lack of data, that <\/span>couples planning pregnancies hold off for now. <\/b>The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology <\/span>states<\/span><\/a> that \u201call fertility patients considering or planning treatment, even if they do not meet the diagnostic criteria for Covid-19 infection, should avoid becoming pregnant at this time.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Similarly, the American Society for Reproductive Medicine has <\/span>recommended<\/span><\/a> that fertility clinics postpone new fertility treatments until more is known about the virus, due in part to \u201cthe known and unknown impact of coronavirus on fertility, pregnancy, and transmission patterns.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Coronavirus and sperm freezing<\/span><\/h2>\n

Considering the lack of data about male fertility and the recommendation that couples wait to get pregnant, <\/span>sperm freezing may be beneficial\u2014both biologically and emotionally\u2014during the coronavirus pandemic.<\/b><\/p>\n

In addition to the potential impact of coronavirus on fertility (either short-term or long), we also know that time (age) affects <\/span>male fertility<\/span><\/a>, especially for men over 35. Sperm acquire a new genetic mutation\u2014which is passed onto offspring\u2014<\/span>every eight months<\/span><\/a>. If the Covid-19 pandemic is pushing off your family plans, sperm freezing may be a good option for you.<\/span><\/p>\n

Social distancing recommendations are still in place, so visiting a doctor\u2019s office or hospital to discuss sperm freezing is not recommended, or perhaps possible, at the moment. Mail-in sperm testing and freezing options, like the Legacy kit, are a valuable option to preserve your fertility from the safety and comfort of your own home.<\/span><\/p>\n

Learn more about the Legacy kit.<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

The rise of \u201ccoronababies\u201d: Looking nine months ahead<\/span><\/h2>\n

Each day, we learn more about the novel coronavirus and how to protect ourselves. What about the pandemic\u2019s effect on fertility? Here, we gather the available data on the coronavirus and fertility, pregnancy, and global fertility trends.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Trying to conceive is currently on hold for couples relying on fertility technology, as well as for many others who are concerned about the potential impact of Covid-19 on their pregnancies, health as pregnant people, or newborns. But how is the coronavirus pandemic affecting worldwide fertility trends?<\/span><\/p>\n

Are people having sex?<\/span><\/h3>\n

The CDC\u2019s recommendations for \u201csocial distancing\u201d may be cutting down on sex. Anna Muldoon, a PhD candidate researching infectious disease and former science policy adviser at the Department of Health and Human Services, <\/span>advises<\/span><\/a> that dating and casual sex is risky at the moment. \u201cThe short line on this is all sex is close contact,\u201d she explains. \u201cSo there\u2019s no way to have it without risking transmission.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Even among long-term couples, caution around passing the virus may be placing distance between partners. Muldoon recommends that, if one partner may be sick, they should \u201csleep in their own room.\u201d The CDC also <\/span>recommends<\/span><\/a> separating members of the household who may have been exposed to the novel coronavirus or who have any symptoms.<\/span><\/p>\n

The <\/span>stress and anxiety<\/span><\/a> around the Covid-19 pandemic can also feel all-encompassing. Stress is known to lower libido for both <\/span>women<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>men<\/span><\/a>, due to its impact on key sex hormones. Anecdotally, couples are feeling the impact of anxiety around the pandemic on their sex lives: as one women explained to <\/span>Rolling Stone<\/span><\/i><\/a>, despite being quarantined alone together, she and her partner \u201cdefinitely haven\u2019t been feeling the romance vibes the past two weeks or so just because we\u2019ve been generally stressed.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Will there be a coronavirus \u201cbaby boom\u201d?<\/span><\/h3>\n

A common trope is that, when people are stuck together in close quarters\u2014such as before a storm or during a quarantine\u2014there\u2019s a \u201cbaby boom\u201d nine months later.<\/span><\/p>\n

But that concept isn\u2019t really demonstrated by the data. In fact, high-mortality events, like pandemics or natural disasters, are <\/span>associated<\/span><\/a> with significantly <\/span>lower<\/span><\/i> birth rates nine 9 \u2013 10 months later. After the influenza pandemic of 1889 \u2013 1890, for example, the lowest birth rate was seen nine and half months after the height of the flu\u2019s fatality. (The <\/span>same can be seen<\/span><\/a> during the 1918 \u2013 1920 flu pandemic.)<\/span><\/p>\n

Researchers speculate that this drop in fertility could be due to impaired conception, \u201cpossibly due to effects on fertility and behavioral changes,\u201d as well as an increase in pre-term delivery and maternal and fetal deaths.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, it\u2019s common, historically, to see a rebound of birth rates in the months or years after 10 months post-pandemic, when those who have put family planning on hold deem it safe to try to conceive.<\/span><\/p>\n

The future of fertility post-coronavirus<\/span><\/h2>\n

The probable drop in births during and following the coronavirus pandemic comes amidst <\/span>the lowest rates of birth and fertility in recorded history<\/b>. In July of 2019, the CDC reported that the US birth rate had fallen to an all-time low of 1.72 children per woman. Infertility affects approximately 15% of couples, and nearly <\/span>half<\/b> of all cases of infertility are attributed to a male fertility issue.<\/span><\/p>\n

There are economic, cultural, and biological factors at play here. For example, people are marrying less (and later). As of 2015, the <\/span>average age at first marriage<\/span><\/a> was 29.3 for men; just 50 years before, in 1965, that average was 22.8. As a result, the age of parents is increasing, too\u2014since the 1970s, the median age for men becoming first-time fathers has increased by 10 years, from 28.1 to 38.2.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sperm health decreases with age, which means couples with older men have a higher likelihood of infertility and miscarriage. We know, for example, that women with partners over the age of 35 have a higher likelihood of miscarriage. We also know that sperm acquire a new genetic mutation every eight months.<\/span><\/p>\n

Our modern environment and lifestyles, too, are likely impacting fertility rates. <\/span>Studies of sperm counts<\/span><\/a> demonstrate that <\/span>men today are half as fertile as their grandfathers were<\/b>. Researchers have proposed that <\/span>pollution, diet<\/span><\/a>, or <\/span>exposure to chemicals that disrupt the endocrine system<\/span><\/a> could be to blame, but the cause isn\u2019t 100% clear.<\/span><\/p>\n

What <\/span>is<\/span><\/i> clear is that\u2014even post-coronavirus\u2014male fertility is in crisis.<\/span><\/p>\n

Learn more about male fertility.<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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