{"id":28485,"date":"2018-11-08T09:14:00","date_gmt":"2018-11-08T17:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.avawomen.com\/?p=28485"},"modified":"2019-07-15T15:01:04","modified_gmt":"2019-07-15T22:01:04","slug":"preeclampsia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.avawomen.com\/avaworld\/preeclampsia\/","title":{"rendered":"How is Preeclampsia Detected and Treated During and After Pregnancy?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you\u2019re pregnant\u2014or trying to get pregnant\u2014you may have heard of preeclampsia: a serious and progressive hypertensive (high blood pressure) disorder in pregnancy. It\u2019s usually marked by the onset of high blood pressure and the presence of proteins in your urine, a sign that the kidneys are not functioning properly. It\u2019s one of the most serious pregnancy complications, affecting 2 &#8211; 8% of pregnancies worldwide.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But the good news is that exciting new developments are being made in the diagnosis and treatment of preeclampsia. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This post will cover:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0What you need to know about preeclampsia<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Cutting-edge research on how it is detected<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The latest news on how it is treated<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>What is preeclampsia?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preeclampsia can come on quite quickly, often without warning and sometimes even without symptoms. The condition can cause your blood pressure to rise and put you at<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.preeclampsia.org\/health-information\/faqs#does-preeclampsia\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">risk of brain injury or organ failure<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It usually occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy, but it can also happen any time during your pregnancy and up to 6 weeks after the baby is born.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s estimated that over half a million infants and over 75,000 women worldwide die from preeclampsia each year, with a large majority of cases in developing countries. Preeclampsia can also quickly progress to <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">eclampsia<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2014which is a life-threatening condition characterized by seizures and coma.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Why do I need to know about preeclampsia?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you\u2019re pregnant, it&#8217;s important to be aware of the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.avawomen.com\/avaworld\/preeclampsia-signs-risks\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">preeclampsia signs and symptoms<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. If you do have any of the risk factors, your doctor will monitor you more closely because, if left untreated, it can lead to serious, even fatal, complications for you and your baby. So, awareness is key as it can save lives.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>How is preeclampsia diagnosed?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Until very recently, the only way doctors could diagnose preeclampsia was by examining previous pregnancies, blood pressure levels, and other symptoms. And in the past, a diagnosis typically wouldn\u2019t happen until the final weeks of pregnancy, when a mother became seriously ill.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But the good news is that some major developments have been made in better detecting preeclampsia, allowing for early intervention.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Australia, a blood test called the \u201cpre-eclampsia ratio test\u201d is now available. This test was developed after<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1414838#t=article\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a study<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Melbourne Royal Women&#8217;s Hospital found it to be 95% accurate in determining whether women with symptoms (like nausea, high blood pressure, and headaches) would go on to develop preeclampsia in the following month. The test also allows doctors to determine the severity of the disease, to determine the best course of treatment for mother and baby.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29536574\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SPREE<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> trial in the U.K. was also found to be 82% effective in early detection of preeclampsia. This trial combined maternal risk factors and medical history with testing for four predictors of preeclampsia in the 11th to 13th weeks of pregnancy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The predictors used were:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Mother\u2019s blood pressure<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Blood flow in the arteries that supply blood to the uterus<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Levels of two placental hormones: plasma protein-A and<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/jhh201761\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">placental growth factor<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (a protein that helps placental blood vessels grow)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another very<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-21604-6\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">recent study<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> also found that RNA molecules from a mother&#8217;s blood plasma can detect preeclampsia. This provides more proof that blood tests are a promising way for doctors to detect preeclampsia earlier.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unfortunately, a blood test to detect preeclampsia is not yet available in the United States. But it <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> available in some countries, such as Australia. And since the movement towards early detection for preeclampsia seems to be growing\u2014you should ask your doctor about the latest available tests.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>How is preeclampsia treated?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you are diagnosed with preeclampsia, your doctor will monitor you very closely and consider a variety of factors (like your age and health, how far along you are, and how quickly the disease is progressing) in determining how to proceed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1704559\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">recent study<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> showed that women at high risk for developing preeclampsia can successfully reduce that risk by taking low doses of aspirin from the 16th week until the end of pregnancy. The study showed that if women took the low dose of aspirin before the 16th week, it cut the risk of preeclampsia in half. Previous studies showed that taking the aspirin after the 16th week didn\u2019t have a significant impact.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>What causes preeclampsia?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The exact cause of preeclampsia is unknown, but researchers believe that it has something to do with the way maternal arteries map during pregnancy. Early on in a normal pregnancy, the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/openi.nlm.nih.gov\/detailedresult.php?img=PMC2211836_20041783f1&amp;req=4\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">spiral arteries<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (which are the maternal blood vessels that feed the uterus) open up into the shape of a funnel. This allows blood and oxygen to pass to the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.avawomen.com\/avaworld\/what-is-placenta-2\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">placenta<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and fetus easily. But in preeclampsia, it&#8217;s believed that this funnel develops abnormally and is too narrow to provide an adequate blood supply.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preeclampsia symptoms and signs include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Persistent high blood pressure<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Excessive swelling<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Intense abdominal pain<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Vision changes<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Decreased blood platelets<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Headaches<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Who gets preeclampsia?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preeclampsia most commonly occurs in first pregnancies. But, research published in the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC554027\/\"> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">British Medical Journal<\/span><\/i><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">shows that women who have had preeclampsia in past pregnancies are seven times more likely to get preeclampsia in a subsequent pregnancy. While this sounds serious, and the odds are higher than the general population, is still overall fairly low\u2014you\u2019re still more likely to not get preeclampsia again than to get it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here are the risk factors, according to the same research above:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Chronic high blood pressure<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Kidney disease<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Obesity<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Age (Women over the age of 40 are more likely to get preeclampsia)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Being pregnant with multiples<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0African American ethnicity<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family history of preeclampsia<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A variety of studies (linked below) show that preeclampsia is also more common among women with the following health conditions:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajh\/article\/21\/3\/360\/102600\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Headaches and migraines<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16118366\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diabetes<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17499705\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rheumatoid arthritis<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17499705\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lupus<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/files\/docs\/guidelines\/hbp_preg_archive.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scleroderma<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18166297\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urinary tract infections<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nichd.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/preeclampsia\/conditioninfo\/treatments\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gum disease<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20551845\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Polycystic ovary syndrome<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Multiple sclerosis<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Gestational diabetes<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.preeclampsia.org\/health-information\/faqs\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sickle cell disease<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preeclampsia is also more common in pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilization, egg donation, or donor insemination. It\u2019s important to also note that <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">women with no known risk factors\u2014 who are otherwise completely healthy and have unremarkable pregnancies\u2014can also get preeclampsia.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>How does it affect pregnancy?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you have preeclampsia while pregnant, it creates a balancing act of allowing the baby enough time to grow in utero while also not putting you or the baby at risk.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What&#8217;s concerning is that preeclampsia can often be \u201csilent,\u201d showing up unexpectedly during a routine blood pressure or urine test. Your doctor will work with you figure out the way to treat it and may recommend bed rest, medication or even hospitalization to monitor your blood pressure.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Can preeclampsia occur after the baby is born?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yes\u2014this is called postpartum preeclampsia. While preeclampsia usually develops during the first trimester, it can appear anytime during pregnancy and even up to 6 weeks postpartum. After delivery in particular, it can be overlooked; Mothers not feeling well in the days and weeks after delivery may attribute it to normal post-birth recovery.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So, if you feel <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">any<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the symptoms listed above (such as headaches, stomach pains, nausea, vision problems, increased swelling or just feeling \u201coff\u201d) contact your doctor right away.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>How does it affect the baby?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Worldwide, preeclampsia is responsible for up to 20% of the 13 million preterm births each year.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And the sad reality is infant death is one of the most devastating consequences of preeclampsia. In the U.S. approximately 10,500 babies (and an estimated half a million worldwide) die from preeclampsia each year.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>How can I prevent preeclampsia?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Though there is not yet a way to definitively prevent preeclampsia, the best thing you can do is to get excellent prenatal care. Talk to your doctor about the latest research and screenings, especially if you have any of the known risk factors.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you\u2019re pregnant\u2014or trying to get pregnant\u2014you may have heard of preeclampsia: a serious and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10017,"featured_media":28760,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[784,36],"tags":[1007,1006,401],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v17.3 (Yoast SEO v18.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How is Preeclampsia Detected and Treated During and After Pregnancy?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Preeclampsia used to be detected and treated late in pregnancy. But that is changing. 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